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Walter III of Caesarea
Walter III (French: ''Gautier''), sometimes called Walter de Brisebarre or Walter Grenier (bef. 1180 – 24 June 1229), was the Constable of the Kingdom of Cyprus from 1206 and Lord of Caesarea in the Kingdom of Jerusalem from 1216. He was the eldest son of Juliana Grenier, Lady of Caesarea, and Guy de Brisebarre. Since he was witnessing royal charters by 1195, he must have been born no later than 1180. In the 1220s he was generally referred to as "the old lord of Caesarea", although probably only in his fifties.〔John L. LaMonte, "The Lords of Caesarea in the Period of the Crusades", ''Speculum'' 22, 2 (1947): 154–56.〕 He took part in two Crusades and in two civil wars on the side of the Ibelins.
As a young man, Walter was frequently in attendance at the royal court. He witnessed charters of Henry I in 1195–96, Amalric II in 1198, and the regent John of Ibelin in 1206. On an act of Amalric's he is term "lord of Caesarea", although his mother was still living, as was her second husband, Aymar de Lairon, who subscribed as "lord of Caesarea" to the same charter of John of Ibelin witnessed by Walter. In 1200 and 1206 he was a witness on charters of his mother and Aymar.〔
==Loss of Caesarea and the Fifth Crusade==
In 1206, Hugh I of Cyprus nominated Walter constable, a post he held for the rest of his life. This was also the title Walter preferred when witnessing charters. Walter inherited the lordship of Caesarea on the death of his mother between 1213 and 1216, when the first reference to him as lord appears. In January 1217 he was in Jerusalem at the court of the king, John of Brienne. By July he had returned to Nicosia, in Cyprus, where he witnessed a charter of Bertrand of Margat. In September he was at the royal court at Nicosia.〔LaMonte, "Lords of Caesarea", 155 n. 68, mentions a charter of Henry I of Cyprus dated October 1217 and witnessed by Walter, but Henry did not become king until January 1218.〕 He returned to the mainland in October, when he attended the council held at Acre by King Andrew II of Hungary to decide a course of action for the Fifth Crusade. As constable, Walter led 100 Cypriot knights at the Siege of Damietta in 1218. By July he had returned to Nicosia, where the dowager queen, Alice, was regent for the new infant king, Henry I.〔
In 1217–18, while Walter was in Egypt, a Muslim army threatened Caesarea, but the city was successfully re-fortified by King John.〔Jean Mesqui and Nicolas Faucherre, ("L'enceinte médiévale de Césarée" ) ''Bulletin Monumental'' 164, 1 (2006): 84–85. According to ''L'estoire d'Eracles empereur'', King John "closed the castle" (''fermer le chastel'').〕 In 1220, the Muslims returned under al-Mu'azzam and captured the city, which was being defended by Werner von Egisheim and the Republic of Genoa.〔 In 1220, Walter was at Nicosia at the court of Queen Alice, where he witnessed a charter of hers. In 1225, he was in Tyre for the coronation of Queen Isabella II of Jerusalem.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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